Comprehension in English
Comprehensions in Hindi(Scroll Down)
Q.1 Read the passage carefully and
answer the questions given below. Questions are of two types:-
a) Multiple choice questions
b) Very short answer type
questions.
1. The National
Disaster Management Authority has recently released guidelines on the
management of urban flooding. It clearly states that urban flooding should be
treated as a separated disaster as the causes of urban flooding and strategies
to deal with them are different.
2. Even though urban
flooding has been experienced for decades in India sufficient attention was not
given to plan specific efforts to deal with it holistically. In the past, any
strategy on Flood Disaster Management largely focused on riverine floods
affecting large tracts of rural areas.
3. Urban Flooding is
significantly different from rural flooding as urbanization leads to developed
catchments which increases the flood peaks by up to 8 times and flood volumes
up to 6 times. Consequently flooding occurs very quickly due to faster flow
times, sometimes in matter of minutes.
4. Urban areas are
center of economic activities with vital infrastructure which needs to be
protected 24 X 7. In most of the cities, damage to vital infrastructure has a
bearing not only locally but could even have global implications.
5. Urban areas are also
densely populated and people living in vulnerable areas, both rich and poor,
suffer due to flooding. It has sometimes resulted in loss of life, damage to
property and disruptions in transport and power bringing life to a grinding
halt causing untold misery and hardships. Even the secondary effects of
subsequent epidemics and exposure to infection often takes further toll in
terms of loss of livelihood, human suffering, and, in extreme cases, loss of
life. Therefore management of urban flooding has to be accorded top priority.
6. There has been an
increasing trend of urban flood disasters in India over the past several years.
Almost every major city in India has been severely affected. Mumbai floods of
July 2005 turned out to be an eye opener. The deluge of rains in the catchment
areas of the Yamuna during August and September in 2010 has inundated many
colleges and towns of Haryana, besides threatening the low-lying areas of the
Delhi, the national capital. The fury of floods did not spare many areas of
Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
7. Storm Water Drainage
system in the past were designed for a rainfall intensity of 12-20 mm/h.
However, we have been experiencing rainfall of higher intensities in the most
of our cities every year, which overwhelm the SWD system. Moreover, the systems
very often do not work to designed capacities because of encroachments, dumping
of solid waste and poor operations and maintenance.
9. Encroachments are a
major problem in many cities and towns all over the country. With large scale
encroachments on the natural drains and in the floodplains, the capacity of the
natural drain has decreased, resulting in flooding even with lower intensities
of rainfall.
Q.1
Urban flooding is to be separate disaster because……..
a) the problems of
urban areas are unique
b) urban areas get
flooded easily
c) the causes of urban
flooding are different
d) urban and riverine
flooding are similar
Q.2
Urban flooding occurs very quickly……….
a) the drainage usually
blocked
b) storm water drainage
is poor
c) encroachments
obstruct flow of water
d) developed catchments
increases faster flow times
Q.3
Encroachment on natural drains intensity flooding because…………..
a) these divert the
flow of water
b) these cause whirls
and speed up flow
c) these decrease the
capacity of drain
d) these obstruct the
smooth flow of water
Q.4 The word ‘overwhelm’ in para 7 means……..
a) stunned b) flooded c) overpowered d) defeated
Answer the following questions in
brief:-
Q.5 Why do urban areas
need a round the clock vigil?
Q.6 How does flood in
urban areas effect life?
Q.7 What is the main
cause of intensifying flood in urban areas?
Q.8 How is urban
flooding different to rural flooding?
Q.9 Give the words
similar in meaning to these words from passage
a) Basic system and
service(para 4)
b) defeated (para 7)
Comprehension in Hindi
5|xG 1 निम्नलिखित गदयांश को पढ़कर पूछे गए प्रश्नो के उत्तर दीजिये --- 10
जर्मनी के सुप्रसिद्ध विचारक नीत्शे ने, जो विवेकानंद का समकालीन था, घोषणा की कि 'ईश्वर मर चुका है' नीत्शे कि प्रभाव में यह बात चल पड़ी कि अब लोगों को ईश्वर में दिलचस्पी नहीं रही | मानवीय प्रवृत्तियाँ को संचालित करने में विज्ञान और बौद्धिकता निर्णायक भूमिका निभाते है---यह स्वामी विवेकानंद को स्वीकार नहीं था| उन्होंने धर्म को बिल्कुल नया अर्थ दिया | स्वामी जी ने माना कि ईश्वर कि सेवा का वास्तविक अर्थ गरीबों कि सेवा है | उन्होंने साधुओं-पंडितो, मंदिर-मस्जिद,गिरिजाघरों - गोपाओं कि इस परम्परागत सोच को नकार दिया कि धार्मिक जीवन का उद्देश्य सन्यासी कि उच्चर मूल्यों को पाना या मोक्ष प्राप्ति की कामना है | उनका कहना था कि ईश्वर का निवास निर्धन दरिद्र असहाय लोगों में होता है क्योंकि वे दरिद्र नारायण है | दरिद्र नारायण शब्द ने सभी आस्थावान स्त्री पुरषो में कर्त्वय भावना जगाई कि ईश्वर की सेवा का अर्थ दीन-हीन प्राणियों की सेवा है | अन्य किसी भी महात्मा या संत की तुलना में स्वामी विवेकानंद ने इस बात पर ज्यादा बल दिया कि प्रत्येक धर्म गरीबों कि सेवा करे और समाज कि पिछड़े लोगों को अज्ञान दरिद्रता और रोगों से मुक्त करने के उपाय करे ऐसा करने में स्त्री पुरष जाति सम्पर्दाए मत-मतांतर या पेशे व्यवसाय से भेद भाव न करे परस्पर वैमनस्य या
शत्रुता के भाव मिटाने कि लिए हमे घृणा के परित्याग करना होगा और सबके प्रति प्रेम और सहानुभूति का भाव जगाना होगा |
नीत्शे कौन था? उसने क्या घोषणा की थी?
1
नीत्शे की घोषणा के पीछे क्या सोच थी?
2
धर्म के बारे में स्वामी विवेकानद ने क्या विचार दिया ? इसका क्या आशय था? 2
पारम्परिक विचारो कि अनुसार धार्मिक जीवन का क्या उद्देश्य माना गया था? 1
दरिद्र- नारायण से क्या आशय है? इस शब्द से लोगों में क्या भावना जाग्रत हुई ? 1
स्वामी विवेकानंद ने किस बात पर बल दिया और क्यों ? 1
आपसी भेदभाव मिटाने कि लिए क्या किया जाना चाहिए ? 1
उपर्युक्त गद्यांश कि लिए एक उपयुक्त शीर्षक दीजिये | 1
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